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This paper describes a new coded interferometric system for sensing the physical temperature radiated from the Earth’s surface. The proposed system consists of a Compressive Reflector Antenna (CRA) coated with Metamaterial Absorbers (MMA). The CRA and the MMA are used to code the received electromagnetic field in space and in frequency, at the focal plane array. The MMA is modeled by an equivalent magneto-dielectric medium having a definite thickness. A high frequency method based on Physical Optics is used to build the sensing matrix of the system, and the inverse problem is solved using a Nesterov-based Compressive Sensing methodology. Numerical examples are carried out in order to reconstruct the physical temperature of the Earth’s surface. The performance of the proposed system is compared to that of the conventional interferometric system GeoSTAR. Preliminary results show that the metamaterial-based CRA provides comparable performance to the GeoSTAR configuration with only half of the feeding elements, while keeping the same physical aperture size for the two configurations.